Automation is transforming farming operations, with agricultural robots assisting with everything from planting and harvesting to milking cows. Robotic farming technology is a nearly $5 billion industry, expected to grow to more than $20 billion by 2025, according to AgAmerica Lending.
This brings tremendous potential to achieve greater efficiency in the agricultural industry, but also unprecedented challenges.
What are the benefits of robotics in agriculture?
Agricultural robots can perform precise, repeatable tasks with a high degree of accuracy and predictability, making them more reliable than farmers working in the field.
They can save many hours of farm labor, increase yields, and optimize the consumption of resources like water and fertilizer.
While the upfront costs of investing in this technology can be considerable, agricultural operations managers may be able to see a return on their investment in as little as five years, depending on the size and scale of their farm.
What are examples of agricultural robots?
There are many innovative types of agricultural robots already in the field today, and they’re becoming more advanced with the addition of more sophisticated sensor technology, data processing, and machine learning or artificial intelligence.
Here are just a few of the most interesting examples.
Robotic milking machines
European farms have used robotic milking technology since the 1990s, and it was introduced in the United States at the start of the new millennium. Cows wear electronic collars that track their milk production and show when they’re ready to be milked. The robotic milking machine uses lasers to locate each teat and attach milking cups. At the same time, the machine collects data about the quality of the milk.
Planting robots
These agricultural robots use GPS and a robotic arm for precise planting, ensuring each seed is spaced far enough apart. They can be calibrated for specific crops and reprogrammed as needed.
Autonomous crop scouting robots
Agricultural robots with satellite capabilities can monitor the field from above and gather information about weather, weeds, and crop growth. Newer models, such as the Solinftec scouting robot, roam the field and collect data on the ground, then send it to a cloud-based platform for processing. The platform uses machine learning to make intelligent recommendations, such as when to spray pesticides or use irrigation.
Fertilizing robots
Fertilizing robots use GPS and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors to detect objects and avoid spraying them. Many of these robots operate as drones, capturing images of the crops from above and delivering precise doses of fertilizer. They can also spray herbicides and water.
Weed-killing robots
For weeds that are resistant to herbicides, weed-killing robots work on the ground to detect and remove weeds that interfere with crop growth. They can cover much more acreage in less time than human laborers.
Robotic harvesting machines
A harvesting robot can work around the clock and in any weather conditions, covering a larger surface area in less time. It uses sensors to detect when crops are ready to be picked and soft grippers to avoid bruising fruits and vegetables. Like other types of agricultural robots, it collects data about the quality of the crops it harvests.
What are the challenges facing agricultural robots?
As efficient and precise as they are, robotic technologies present challenges to farmers and technicians who need to maintain them. They can be expensive and time-consuming to design, and they need to be properly configured to function. As they become more common, the technology used to power them is also becoming smaller and more scalable, allowing farmers to program them for different purposes to fit specific crop cycles. Most robotic farming technology contains sensors that need to be able to transmit data while working in harsh conditions, such as high winds, heavy rains or dust that can interfere with their ability to function. These sensors can be highly sensitive to disruptions that can lead to days or weeks of downtime for this expensive equipment. Repairs often require someone with specialized experience and replacement parts specified by the original equipment manufacturer. To keep them performing without downtime, they need electronic components that can be configured to fit tight spaces while withstanding extreme environments.
Finding the right electronic connectors for your agricultural robotics system
Advances in robotic motors, sensors, and electronic connectors are helping to address some of these challenges, leading to greater innovation.
One example is the Switchcraft Multi-Con-X connector series, which is designed to connect and disconnect quickly without degrading. It comes in a variety of IP ratings that protect it from moisture, extreme cold and heat, and corrosion. It can also withstand high vibration, an important characteristic of agricultural equipment. Switchcraft also has electronic connectors with dust caps and other features that have been tested to perform in harsh environments.
The Amerline 5105 connector series is another good option, ideal for even colder and hotter temperatures with water-resistant varieties available.
As a leading electronic connector distributor, ElectroShield carries circular connectors and components from world-class manufacturers. Whether you’re designing a new agricultural robot or repairing an existing one, our team can help you find the right part to meet your specifications and often ship it within 24 hours. Take some time to explore our solutions, and subscribe to our newsletter to stay up to date on our latest industry news and product announcements.
